As such, you may be paid both as an employee of the practice – receiving a W-2 – and as an owner of the practice –through a K-1 distribution. The key difference between income earned as employee compensation (W-2) and that earned as a K-1 profit distribution is that you pay FICA (Medicare and Social Security) tax on the income earned as an employee but not necessarily on K-1 profit distributions.
While the large Social Security portion of FICA phases out after income of $110,100 in 2012, the 2.9% Medicare tax has no phase-out. Also, it is scheduled to increase to 3.8% in 2013 under The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed into law in March 2010.
While this is only a 2.9-3.8% tax in 2012 and 2013, we have seen poor advice here cost physicians $10,000 or more each year, every year of their career. Over one’s career, this can amount to nearly half a million dollars of lost capital… for no good reason!
Let’s look at two examples. Do you see yourself in any of these?
- Dr. Smith is part of a 3-doctor cardiology practice. He earns about $400,000 annually as a cardiologist. He calls the 2 other doctors “partners” but technically they are co-owners of the practice, an S-corporation. Each month, Dr. Smith gets paid $20,000. Then at the end of each six month period, he gets another $80,000 based on the practice’s performance. His accountant deems both the monthly and semi-annual payments to be salary payments. Thus, he pays Medicare tax on all $400,000 for a tax of $11,600. This, of course is in addition to state and federal income taxes, property taxes, etc. If he works for 25 years earning the same income, he will have lost over $550,000 in Medicare taxes, assuming a 5% growth rate.
- Down the road, Dr. Jones is in the exact same economic situation. However, his CPA treats the monthly payments as W-2 wages and the semi-annual payments as K-1 distributions of the profit earned by the practice. Thus, he pays Medicare on $240,000 for a cost of $6,960. If Dr. Jones works for 25 years earning the same income, he will have lost about $330,000 in FICA taxes, assuming a 5% growth rate – an improvement of over $220,000 over Dr. Smith.
Obviously, any of you reading here would not want to be Dr. Smith. Yet, we are continually astounded when see so many physicians come to us in the same position –having all, or most, of their income treated as W-2 when in fact much of it is earned because of the profitability of the practice rather than the doctor’s personal services. Wouldn’t all of us prefer to be in Dr. Jones’ situation? If we are allowed to be – yes. So, the question really comes down to – what are the tax rules that govern this situation?
In discussions with a number of CPAs with over 15 years of experience here, the consensus is that one should follow a simple rule of thumb. That rule is basically that one can reasonably be paid as a W-2 salary what one would need to pay an associate physician with the same training to come join your practice. The rest of your compensation can be characterized as distributions. One CPA, practicing for over 20 years, commented “this is what I do for my clients, and when the issue has been discussed in audits over the years, the IRS finds it very difficult to argue that our client should be paid more on their W-2 than a staff member doing the same job.”
Looking again at the examples above, Dr. Smith could easily attract another cardiologist to his practice paying $250,000 salary. This would allow him to avoid Medicare tax on $150,000 – saving over $4,000 annually. Not coincidentally, Dr. Jones is in the right situation.
As hard as physicians work, throwing away hundreds of thousands of dollars over a career – for no good reason – is a shame. Yet it happens every day.
SPECIAL OFFERS: For a free (plus $10 S&H) hardcopy of For Doctors Only: A Guide to Working Less and Building More, please call (877) 656-4362. If you would like a free, shorter ebook version of For Doctors Only, please download our “highlights” edition at www.fordoctorsonlyhighlights.com.
David B. Mandell, JD, MBA, is an attorney and author of five national books for doctors, including FOR DOCTORS Only: A Guide to Working Less & Building More, as well a number of state books. He is a principal of the financial consulting firm OJM Group (www.ojmgroup.com), where Carole C. Foos, CPA works as a tax consultant. They can be reached at 877-656-4362 or This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
We encourage you to contact us at OJM for a free consultation to discuss your 2011 taxes and what you can do to reduce them. Please contact David B. Mandell, JD, MBA at 877-656-4362.
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This article contains general information that is not suitable for everyone. The information contained herein should not be construed as personalized legal or tax advice. There is no guarantee that the views and opinions expressed in this article will be appropriate for your particular circumstances. Tax law changes frequently, accordingly information presented herein is subject to change without notice. You should seek professional tax and legal advice before implementing any strategy discussed herein.
